期刊
STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
卷 25, 期 19, 页码 3366-3381出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/sim.2258
关键词
adaptive design; flexible confidence interval; invariance principle; maximum likelihood estimate; mean unbiased estimate; median unbiased estimate
Adaptive test designs for clinical trials allow for a wide range of data driven design adaptations using all information gathered until an interim analysis. The basic principle is to use a test statistics which is invariant with respect to the design adaptations under the null hypothesis. This allows for a control of the type I error rate for the primary hypothesis even for adaptations not specified a priori in the study protocol. Estimation is usually another important part of a clinical trial, however, is more difficult in adaptive designs. In this research paper we give an overview of point and interval estimates for flexible designs and compare methods for typical sample size rules. We also make some proposals for confidence intervals which have nominal coverage probability also after an unforeseen design adaptation and which contain the maximum likelihood estimate and the usual unadjusted confidence interval. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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