Surface polarization enhancement in (Pb0.25Ba0.15Sr0.6)TiO3 nanotubes

(Pb0.25Ba0.15Sr0.6)TiO3 (PBST) nanotube arrays were prepared using porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template from PBST sol solution. Electron microscope results showed that uniform length and diameter of PBST nanotubes were obtained and that the diameter and length of PBST nanotubes were dependent on the pore diameter and the thickness of the applied AAO template. X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction pattern investigations demonstrated that PBST nanotubes were composed of perovskite nanocrystals. Comparison between nanotube and nanofilm polarization results showed that enhanced polarization existed in PBST nanotubes. A mechanism has been proposed to explain this polarization enhancement effect.