Endocrine disrupters - potential modulators of the immune system and allergic response

Endocrine disrupters (EDs) are environmental pollutants of industrial or agricultural origin (e.g. herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, industrial chemicals) that may influence health of wildlife and human. Endocrine-disrupting effect is obtained by mimicking the action of the steroid hormones and has been associated with several reproductive disorders as well as cancerogenesis both in animals and humans. EDs can also influence synthesis of cytokines, immunoglobulins, and cell mediators as well as immune cell activation and survival. Modulation by EDs of interleukin-4 production, Th1/Th2 balance and IgE production suggest their potential effect on allergic immune responses. The aim of this review was to summarize data indicating a potential effect of EDs exposure on the immune system and allergic responses.