National trends in health care utilization and racial and socioeconomic disparities in pediatric pyogenic arthritis

Purpose: To determine national trends and putative racial and socioeconomic disparities in health care utilization in pediatric patients with pyogenic arthritis over a 13-year period. Study Design: We assessed trends in length of hospital stay, hospital disposition, and inflation-adjusted charges for pediatric patients hospitalized with pyogenic arthritis based on 13 consecutive years (1988-2000) of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Patients with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code of pyogenic arthritis were selected for this study. Trends in health care utilization were analyzed, stratified by age, prematurity, joint location, socioeconomic status, and race. Results: The median length of stay (LOS) decreased from 10 to 5 days in 1988 and 2000, respectively (P < 0.05). Whites had a shorter mean LOS (7.8 days) than nonwhites (10.7 days; P < 0.05). For both whites and nonwhites, LOS decreased significantly (P < 0.05), but the difference between the 2 groups remained constant. For patients with a higher socioeconomic status, LOS was shorter (P < 0.05). The percentage of patients discharged to home health care increased from 3.8% in 1988 to 18.9% in 2000 (P < 0.05), but the increase was much greater for whites than nonwhites (P < 0.05). Inflation adjusted total charges increased over time, from a median total charge of $10,098 in 1988 to a median total charge of $11,155 in 2000 (P < 0.05). Conclusions: There was a trend toward decreased health care utilization, but no decrease in charges for pediatric pyogenic arthritis from 1988 to 2000. Racial disparities still exist, with little improvement over time.