Influence of high-fat feeding on both naive and antigen-experienced T-cell immune response in DO10.11 mice

Obesity is becoming one of the most serious public health problems in industrialized societies, due to the profound changes in lifestyle, and notably in nutrition. Beside diabetes, cardiovascular diseases or hypertension, increased susceptibility to infection is one of the pathological consequences of being overweight. In this paper, we have assessed the influence of a high-fat diet (HFD) rich in saturated fatty acids on the immune system of DO11.10 mice, which are transgenic for a T-cell receptor specifically recognizing a peptide of ovalbumin. We showed that the specific T-cell immune response was impaired by high-fat feeding, and that the expression of this defect is different depending on whether T cells are naive or Ag experienced. Indeed, on in vitro ovalbumin stimulation, spleen T cells from naive HFD-fed transgenic mice showed proliferation similar to that of cells from standard diet (SD)-fed mice, but exhibited a strong inflammatory profile as shown by the markedly increased IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio. Inversely, spleen T cells from ovalbumin-immunized HFD mice were impaired in their Ag-dependent proliferation compared to cells from SD mice. By co-culture experiments, we showed that both T cells and antigen-presenting cells were involved in this impairment. Moreover, in oval-bumin-immunized HFD animals, a trend towards Th2 response was noted, compared to immunized SD mice. This data implies that naive T cells could participate actively in the low-grade systemic inflammation observed in overweight patients. Moreover, the impaired activity of Ag-experienced T cells could have major consequences both in defence against infection and/or in vaccination protocols.