Applicability of the PROSPECT model for Norway spruce needles

The potential applicability of the leaf radiative transfer model PROSPECT (version 3.01) was tested for Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) needles collected from stress resistant and resilient trees. Direct comparison of the measured and Simulated leaf optical properties between 450-1000nm revealed the requirement to recalibrate the PROSPECT chlorophyll and dry matter specific absorption coefficients k(ab)(lambda) and k(m)(lambda). The subsequent validation of the modified PROSPECT (version 3.01.S) showed close agreement with the spectral measurements of all three needle age-classes tested; the root mean square error (RMSE) of all reflectance (p) values within the interval of 450-1000 nm was equal to 1.74%, for transmittance (r) it was 1.53% and for absorbance (alpha) it was 2.91%. The total chlorophyll concentration, dry matter content, and leaf water content were simultaneously retrieved by a constrained inversion of the original PROSPECT 3.01 and the adjusted PROSPECT 3.01.S. The chlorophyll concentration estimated by inversion of both model versions was similar, but the inversion accuracy of the dry matter and water content was significantly improved. Decreases in RMSE from 0.0079 g cm(-2) to 0.0019 g cm(-2) for dry matter and from 0.0019cm to 0.0006cm for leaf water content proved the improved performance of the recalibrated PROSPECT version 3.01.S.