Post-malaria neurological syndrome: clinical and laboratory findings in one patient

Post-malaria neurological syndrome (PMNS) is a rare complication of malaria. It follows recovery from an episode of Plasmodium falciparum malaria and is characterised by symptoms and signs of encephalopathy. Patients usually improve without any specific treatment. The pathogenesis is unknown, but it is probably immunologically mediated. The objective of this case study is to describe the first Italian patient with PMNS. A 60-year-old Italian man developed acute P. falciparum malaria after a stay in French Guinea. Twenty days after recovering from malaria, he became confused, developed generalised weakness, limb tremors, shivering and dizziness. These symptoms continued for three days, then resolved spontaneously. Neuroimaging was normal. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed breakdown of the blood/brain barrier, without oligoclonal bands and normal IgG index. Our patient presented a mild diffuse encephalopathy suggestive of a generic activation of the immune system without any specific reaction against antigens within the CNS.