Superoxide dismutase improves oxygenation and reduces oxidation in neonatal pulmonary hypertension

Rationale: Hyperoxic ventilation in the management of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) can result in the formation of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide anions, which can inactivate nitric oxide (NO) and cause vasoconstriction and oxidation. Objective: To compare the effect of intratracheal recombinant human superoxide dismutase (rhSOD) and/or inhaled NO (iNO) on systemic oxygenation, contractility of pulmonary arteries (PAS), and lung reactive oxygen species (isoprostane, 3-nitrotyrosine) levels in neonatal lambs with PPHN. Methods: Six newborn lambs with PPHN (induced by antenatal ductal ligation) were killed at birth. Twenty-six PPHN lambs were ventilated for 24 h with 100% O-2 alone (n = 6) or O-2 combined with rhSOD (5 mg/kg intratracheally) at birth (n = 4), rhSOD at 4 h of age (n = 5), iNO (20 ppm, n = 5), or rhSOD + iNO (n = 6). Contraction responses of fifth-generation PAS to norepinephrine and KCI, lung isoprostane levels, and 3-nitrotyrosine fluorescent intensity were measured. Results: Systemic oxygenation was impaired in PPHN lambs and significantly improved (up to threefold) in both rhSOD groups with or without iNO. Oxygenation improved more rapidly with the combination of rhSOD + iNO compared with either intervention alone. Norepinephrine- and KCI-induced contractions and lung isoprostane levels were significantly increased by 100% 02 compared with nonventilated newborn lambs with PPHN. Both rhSOD and WO mitigated the increased PA contraction response and lung isoprostane levels. Intratracheal rhSOD decreased the enhanced lung 3-nitrotyrosine fluorescence observed with iNO therapy. Conclusion: Intratracheal rhSOD and/or iNO rapidly increase oxygenation and reduce both vasoconstriction and oxidation in newborn lambs with PPHN. This has important implications for clinical trials of rhSOD and iNO in newborn infants with PPHN.