期刊
ANIMAL CONSERVATION
卷 18, 期 3, 页码 249-258出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/acv.12165
关键词
anthropogenic landscapes; conservation genetics; habitat fragmentation; genetic diversity; life history traits; meta-analysis; tetrapods; vagility
资金
- CONACYT
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas of the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM)
- CONICET [PIP 0019]
- FONCyT [PICT 2011-1606]
In the last two centuries, the development of human civilization has transformed large natural areas into anthropogenic landscapes, making habitat fragmentation a pervasive feature of modern landscapes. In animal populations, habitat fragmentation may alter their genetic diversity and structure due to limited gene flow and dispersion and reduced effective population sizes, potentially leading to genetic drift in small habitat patches. We tested the hypothesis that habitat fragmentation affects genetic diversity of tetrapod populations through a meta-analysis. We also examined certain life history traits of species and particular external landscape factors that may determine the magnitude of genetic erosion observed in fragmented habitats. Our results showed that habitat fragmentation reduces overall genetic diversity of tetrapod populations. Stronger negative fragmentation effects were detected for amphibians, birds and mammals. Within each taxonomic group, species with large body size were more strongly affected by fragmentation. Particularly within mammals, we found that less vagile species with short generation times represent the most susceptible tetrapod group to lose genetic diversity in fragmented habitats. As external drivers, we found a nonsignificant trend of lower fragmentation effects in study systems of less than 50 years and stronger effects in older (>100 years) fragmented systems. As expected, the extent of habitat loss was also important in determining the magnitude of genetic erosion in tetrapods. Extreme habitat loss showed stronger negative effects on genetic diversity irrespective of taxonomic groups. The information gathered in this review also highlights research bias and gaps in the literature.
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