4.5 Article

Risk factors associated with porcine cysticercosis in selected districts of Eastern and Southern provinces of Zambia

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VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY
卷 143, 期 1, 页码 59-66

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ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.07.023

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Taenia solium; risk factors; snowballing technique; questionnaire; pig; Zambia

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To determine the risk factors associated with Taenia solium transmission in humans and pigs in the rural areas of Eastern and Southern provinces of Zambia, a questionnaire was administered in 788 households from 155 villages. Pigs were examined from 800 households. Tongue examination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Ag-ELISA) for the detection of circulating antigens of T solium cysticerci were used to measure infection in pigs. A snowballing technique was utilised to select households with pigs. Prevalence of households with pigs infected with T solium on tongue examination by district ranged from 12.7% to 32.1% with Ag-ELISA having a range of 30.0-51.7%. Of the total number of households visited, 18.8% and 37.6% had at least one pig positive for porcine cysticercosis on tongue examination and Ag-ELISA, respectively. Risk factors associated with T solium infection were lack of pork inspection at slaughter (96.7%), consumption of pork with cysts (20.1 %), selling of pork infected with T solium cysticerci (18.3%), free-range husbandry system (83.2%) and absence of latrines (58.0). Free-range husbandry system (OR = 1.68; 95% Cl = 1.36-2.07) was a significant risk factor for porcine cysticercosis in the surveyed areas. The result that pigs were mostly kept on free-range and semi-intensive husbandry systems may have permitted them to have access to eating human faeces that could be contaminated with tapeworm eggs. This study has shown that T solium infection poses a high public health risk in the study areas and urban areas as well. We recommend that a human survey be conducted to verify the human exposure to taeniasis and/or cysticercosis in Zambia. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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