Insertion torque of orthodontic miniscrews according to changes in shape, diameter and length

Objective: To determine the variation in the insertion torque of orthodontic miniscrews according to the screw length, diameter, and shape. Materials and Methods: The maximum insertion torque (MIT) was measured using a torque tester at a constant speed of 3 rotations per minute. Cylindrical and taper type of miniscrews (Biomaterials Korea Inc, Seoul, Korea) with different lengths, diameters, and pitches were tested. Results: The results showed that the insertion torque significantly increased with increasing screw length (P <.01). In particular, there was a significant increase in torque with increasing screw length and diameter (P <.01). An analysis of the serial insertion torque of miniscrews revealed the cylindrical type screw to have much higher insertion torque at the incomplete screw thread, while the taper type screw showed a much higher insertion torque at the final inclination part of the screw thread. The insertion torque was affected by the outer diameter, length, and shape in that order. Conclusions: An increase in screw diameter can efficiently reinforce the initial stability of the miniscrew, but the proximity of the root at the implanted site should be considered.