Variability in captan residues in apples from a Canadian orchard

Apple trees in an orchard in Quebec, Canada were treated, following label directions, with the fungicide captan (1,2,3, 6-tetraliydro-N-(trichloromethylthio)phthalimide) during the 2003 agricultural season. A total of 142 apples from three rows of trees were selected for determination of captan by GC/MS. Individual apples were found to contain captan levels ranging; from 16.9 to 6350 ng g(-1). Only two individual apple samples exceeded the Canadian maximum residue limit (5000 ng g(-1)) for captan in apples. Six composite samples, comprising half portions of eight individual apples, were analysed from each of the three experimental rows. Composite samples ranged in concentration from 166 to 2620 ng g(-1). The greatest uncertainty associated with the measured concentrations was due to variability among apples rather than the measurement of residue levels.