Steady natural convection flows in a square cavity with linearly heated side wall(s)

The present numerical study deals with natural convection flow in a closed square cavity when the bottom wall is uniformly heated and vertical wall(s) are linearly heated whereas the top wall is well insulated. Non-linear coupled PDEs governing the flow have been solved by penalty finite element method with bi-quadratic rectangular elements. Numerical results are obtained for various values of Rayleigh number (Ra) (10(3) <= Ra <= 10(5)) and Prandtl number (Pr) (0.7 <= Pr <= 10). Results are presented in the form of streamlines, isotherm contours, local Nusselt number and the average Nusselt as a function of Rayleigh number. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd.