Outcome After Placement of Tantalum Porous Engineered Dental Implants in Fresh Extraction Sockets: A Canine Study

Purpose: This study evaluated the stability and histologic proof of osseoincorporation of Trabecular Metal (TM) dental implants, which feature a tantalum-based porous midsection. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 TM implants (test group) and Tapered Screw-Vent implants (control group) were immediately placed bilaterally into mandibular extraction sockets in dogs. Resonance frequency analysis was performed at weeks 0, 2, 4, and 12 after implant placement. Histologic and histomorphometric evaluations of the implant interface were performed. Results: Changes in mean implant stability quotients (ISQ) revealed no statistical differences between the test and control groups. Histologic analysis showed bone ingrowth into the porous tantalum structure of all test group implants. Histomorphometric analysis revealed an increased percentage of bone-to-implant contact between 4 and 8 weeks in both test and control groups. The porous sections of the test group exhibited significantly more new bone inside the pores at week 12 in comparison to weeks 2 and 4. No correlation was observed between ISQ and histomorphometric parameters. Conclusion: In a canine immediate extraction socket model, both test and control implants demonstrated comparable implant stability and bone-to-implant contact. Bone ingrowth was evident within the tantalum porous section of the test implants during the early healing.