Multicomponent Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Unsaturated N-Heterocyclic Carbene Precursors and Their Related Transition-Metal Complexes

A low-cost, modular, and easily scalable multicomponent procedure affording access in good yields and excellent selectivity (up to 93%) to a wide range of (a)chiral unsymmetrical 1-aryl-3-cycloalkyl-imidazolium salts is disclosed. Electronic and steric properties of the corresponding unsymmetrical unsaturated N-heterocyclic carbene (U-2-NHC) ligands were evaluated and evidenced strong electron donor ability, high steric discrimination, and modular steric demand.