Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects with Amplatzer occluder assessed by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography

We report our initial experience in two patients using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography to assess perimembranous ventricular septal defect and device morphology and their relation with contiguous cardiac structure. Defect size and rims as welt as device position and profile were displayed from the three-dimensional en face views. We think that real-time three-dimensional echocardiography could be a complementary approach to angiography and transesophageal echocardiography in performing transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect. (C) 2006 The European Society of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.