New approaches in embedded networked sensing for terrestrial ecological observatories

Ecological observatories are a new class of multiuser research infrastructure designed and deployed to address a broad range of continental-scale ecological questions that until only recently were not technologically feasible. These highly networked ecological observatories, spread across the United States and featuring a diverse integration of programmable sensing capabilities and remote observational functions are expected to enable a transformation in the scope of environmental research, particularly in relation to understanding how global climate shifts and local and regional land use changes will quantitatively affect the composition, structure, and dynamics of the nation's ecosystems and services. Observing systems research focused on terrestrial ecology is one of four core research application fields of the Center for Embedded Networked Sensing, which operates an engineering and experimental test bed located at the James San Jacinto Mountains Reserve, a biological field station that is part of the University of California Natural Reserve System. This paper describes the various experimental and deployed embedded networked sensing systems at the James Reserve, and suggests how similar systems and related infrastructure will be key to meeting the engineering and science objectives of future ecological research.