期刊
JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
卷 44, 期 3, 页码 321-328出版社
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31802ea4b0
关键词
Africa; early infant mortality; low birth weight; mother-to-child transmission; pregnancy outcome
资金
- NIAID NIH HHS [1K24 AI/HD 01671-01, 1U01 AI 45508-01] Funding Source: Medline
- Wellcome Trust [063009/Z/00/2, 062925, 050524] Funding Source: Medline
Objective: To describe pregnancy outcomes among clade C HIV-infected and uninfected women in South Africa. Design: A longitudinal cohort study. Methods: Pregnant women attending 9 rural/urban antenatal clinics were prospectively recruited and followed up. Women were seen at the clinic or at home after delivery on 4 occasions after enrollment: 2 times within the first 2 weeks of the newborn's life at home, and every 2 weeks thereafter until their first health clinic visit when the infant was 6 weeks old. Results: A total of 3465 women were enrolled; 615 withdrew after delivery, moved away, or had a missing or indeterminate HIV status, leaving 2850 women (1449 HIV-infected women). Six women died after delivery and there were 17 spontaneous abortions and 104 stillbirths. An adverse pregnancy outcome was independently associated with HIV infection (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.63, P = 0.015), urban enrollment (AOR = 0.39; P = 0.020), and northospital delivery (AOR = 13.63; P < 0.001) as well as with a CD4 count < 200 cells/mL among HIV-infected women (AOR = 1.86; P = 0.127). Among 2529 singleton liveborn babies, birth weight was inversely associated with maternal HIV (AOR = 1.45; P = 0.02) and maternal middle upper arm circumference (AOR = 0.93; P < 0.001). Early infant mortality was not significantly associated with maternal HIV (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.18; P = 0.52) but was with urban sites (HR = 0.34; P = 0.045). Low birth weight substantially increased mortality (AOR = 8.3; P < 0.001). HIV status of infants by 8 weeks of age (14.6%, 95% confidence interval: 12.5% to 17.0%) was inversely associated with maternal CD4 cell count and birth weight. Conclusions: HIV-infected women are at a significantly increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Low-birth-weight infants of HIV-infected and uninfected women are at substantially increased risk of dying.
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