Electrical assisted patterning of cardiac myocytes with controlled macroscopic anisotropy using a microfluidic dielectrophoresis chip

Cardiac tissue engineering has evolved as a potential therapeutic approach to assist cardiac regeneration. Controlling the preferential cell orientation of engineered heart tissues is a key issue in cardiac tissue engineering. Here, we present a novel method to construct a model-engineered cardiac tissue-like structure with anisotropic properties. Our analysis shows that the electro-torque which acts on a cylindrical or rod shape cell is zero whenever the electric field is aligned with one of its principal axes. With the interdigitated-castellated microelectrodes, the induction of dielectrophoresis and electro-orientation can accumulate cells and form a tissue-like structure with orientation along the ac electric field. Both experiments and analysis indicate that a large orientation torque and force can be achieved with appropriate frequency and low conductive medium. Finally, we report basic structural and biophysical anisotropy of electro-oriented structure through electromechanical experiments. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.