The cost of pressure ulcer prevention and treatment in hospitals and nursing homes in Flanders: A cost-of-illness study

Introduction: The economic impact of pressure ulcer prevention and treatment is high. The results of cost-of-illness studies can assist the planning, allocation, and priority setting of healthcare expenditures to improve the implementation of preventive measures. Data on the cost of current practice of pressure ulcer prevention or treatment in Flanders, a region of Belgium, is lacking. Aim: To examine the cost of pressure ulcer prevention and treatment in an adult population in hospitals and nursing homes from the healthcare payer perspective. Design: A cost-of-illness study was performed using a bottom-up approach. Settings: Hospitals and nursing homes in Flanders, a region of Belgium. Methods: Data were collected in a series of prospective multicentre cross-sectional studies between 2008 and 2013. Data collection included data on risk assessment, pressure ulcer prevalence, preventive measures, unit cost of materials for prevention and treatment, nursing time measurements for activities related to pressure ulcer prevention and treatment, and nursing wages. The cost of pressure ulcer prevention and treatment in hospitals and nursing homes was calculated as annual cost for Flanders, per patient, and per patient per day. Results: The mean (SD) cost for pressure ulcer prevention was (sic)7.88 (8.21) per hospitalised patient at risk per day and (sic)2.15 (3.10) per nursing home resident at risk per day. The mean (SD) cost of pressure ulcer prevention for patients and residents identified as not at risk for pressure ulcer development was (sic)1.44 (4.26) per day in hospitals and (sic)0.50 (1.61) per day in nursing homes. The main cost driver was the cost of labour, responsible for 79-85% of the cost of prevention. The mean (SD) cost of local treatment per patient per day varied between (sic)2.34 (1.14) and (sic)77.36 (35.95) in hospitals, and between (sic)2.42 (1.15) and (sic)16.18 (4.93) in nursing homes. Conclusions: Related to methodological differences between studies, the cost of pressure ulcer prevention and treatment in hospitals and nursing homes in Flanders was found to be low compared to other international studies. Recommendations specific to pressure ulcer prevention are needed as part of methodological guidelines to conduct cost-of-illness studies. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.