Effect of sodium cation on the electrochemical reduction of CO2 at a copper electrode in methanol

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 with a Cu electrode in methanol was investigated with sodium hydroxide supporting salt. A divided H-type cell was employed; the supporting electrolytes were 80 mmol dm(-3) sodium hydroxide in methanol (catholyte) and 300 mmol dm(-3) potassium hydroxide in methanol (anolyte). The main products from CO2 were methane, ethylene, carbon monoxide, and formic acid. The maximum current efficiency for hydrocarbons (methane and ethylene) was 80.6%, at -4.0 V vs Ag/AgCl, saturated KCl. The ratio of current efficiency for methane/ethylene, r(f)(CH4)/r(f)(C2H4), was similar to those obtained in LiOH/methanol-based electrolyte and larger relative to those in methanol using KOH, RbOH, and CsOH supporting salts. In NaOH/methanol-based electrolyte, the efficiency of hydrogen formation, a competing reaction of CO2 reduction, was suppressed to below 4%. The electrochemical CO2 reduction to methane may be able to proceed efficiently in a hydrophilic environment near the electrode surface provided by sodium cation.