Study of structural irregularities of smectite clay systems by small-angle neutron scattering and adsorption

Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and its contrast-matching variant are employed in order to determine structural properties (inter-pillar distances and mass/surface fractal dimensions of the clay layers and pillars) of a series of smectite natural clays (montmorillonite, beidellite, and bentonite) and their pillared and pillared/ion-exchanged analogues. Moreover, a comparative analysis with the adsorption data is carried out on the basis of a systematic study of the structural changes induced by a particular treatnient or modification (e.g. pillaring) of the clay systems. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.