期刊
WATER RESEARCH
卷 41, 期 10, 页码 2117-2126出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.02.029
关键词
wastewater treatment; 17 beta-estradiol (E2); estrone (E1); estrogenic activity; conventional activated sludge process; oxidation ditch process; solids retention time (SRT)
The presence of natural estrogens, 17 beta-estradiol (E2), estrone (EI) and estriol (M), as well as estrogenic activity in wastewater influents and secondary effluents were investigated in 20 full-scale wastewater treatment plants in Japan. In all of the influent samples, natural estrogens were detected at concentrations above the minimum limits of detection (0.5 ng/L). The concentrations of natural estrogens detected in the effluent of oxidation ditch plants were generally lower than previously reported values. On the other hand, in the conventional activated sludge plants, increments of El during biological treatment were frequently observed although E2 and E3 were removed effectively in the process. The removal rates of natural estrogens or estrogenic activity show no observed statistical relationship with the solids retention time (SRT) and the hydraulic retention time (HRT). However, the plants with high SRT or HRT generally showed high and stable removal of both natural estrogens and estrogenic activity. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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