Associated sagittal spinal movements in performance of head pro- and retraction in healthy women: A kinematic analysis

Sagittal head excursions are frequently used as diagnostic and treatment tools by physiotherapists. Retractions are performed to promote good head-on-body orientation. This study examined the regional contribution of spinal movements to head pro- and retraction in addition to the effect of a more or less restrained sitting position in healthy women. Fourteen healthy women performed seven sagittal head excursions in a more or less restrained sitting position, during which time their kinematic response was measured with an optoelectronic system. Total anterior/posterior head excursion was smaller (P = 0.005) in the more restrained sitting position. In both sitting positions, approximately 60% of the total anterior/posterior head excursion originated from the cervical spine, almost 30% from the cervicothoracic spine C7-T4, and approximately 10% from thoracic regions down to T12. Middle thoracic vertical displacement was smaller (p = 0.005) in the more restrained sitting position. A high correlation was found between total head excursion and the cervicothoracic unit displacements in both sitting positions (r = 0.79, r = 0.85, respectively). In each sitting position, the craniovertebral angle, and the tragus-C7-horizontal line decreased in protraction. Movements in the thoracic region contributed to the total head excursion. Therefore, clinicians should recognize the thoracic contribution to sagittal head excursion when using pro- and retraction as a diagnostic and treatment tool. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.