Luteogenic hormones act through a vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent mechanism to up-regulate α5β1 and αvβ3 integrins, promoting the migration and survival of human luteinized granulosa cells

The formation of the corpus luteum (CL) is critical for the establishment of a successful pregnancy. After ovulation, the CL develops from the remnants of the ovulated ovarian follicle. This process, which involves varying cell-matrix interactions, is poorly characterized. To understand the role and potential regulation of cell-matrix interactions in the formation of the CL, we investigated the expression and activity of the matrix protein fibronectin (FN) and several of its integrin receptors on luteinized granulosa cells (GCs). In situ, FN and several FN-binding integrins were detected around luteinizing GCs during the early luteal phase, although expression declined in the late luteal phase. In vitro, GCs released FN, and stimulation of these cells with human chorionic gonadotropin increased the surface expression of FN, alpha(5)beta(1), and alpha(v)beta(3). Up-regulation of these proteins on GCs was reproduced by stimulation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and was inhibited by anti-VEGF antibody. Lastly, expression of alpha(5)beta(1), and alpha(v)beta(3), mediated adhesion to FN, facilitated migration, and prevented apoptosis. These data suggest that in vivo luteogenic hormones, in part through a VEGF-dependent mechanism, stimulate selected integrin-matrix adhesive interactions that promote the motility and survival of GCs and thus contribute to the formation and preservation of the CL.