Experiments on the generation of activated carbon from biomass

Activated carbon is generated from various waste biomass sources like rice straw, wheat straw, wheat straw pellets, olive stones, pistachios shells, walnut shells, beech wood and hardcoal. After drying the biomass is pyrolysed in the temperature range of 500-600 degrees C at low heating rates of 10 K/min. The activation of the chars is performed as steam activation at temperatures between 800 degrees C and 900 degrees C. Both the pyrolysis and activation experiments were run in lab-scale facilities. It is shown that nut shells provide high active surfaces of 1000-1300 m(2)/g whereas the active surface of straw matters does hardly exceed 800 m(2)/g which might be a result of the high ash content of the straws and the slightly higher carbon content of the nut shells. The active surface is detected by BET method. Besides the testing of a many types of biomass for the suitability as base material in the activated carbon production process, the experiments allow for the determination of production parameters like heating rate and pyrolysis temperature, activation time and temperature as well as steam flux which are necessary for the scale up of the process chain. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.