Plasma concentrations of myeloperoxidase predict mortality after myocardial infarction

Objectives This study investigated relationships between plasma myeloperoxidase (MPO), protein oxidation markers, and clinical outcome retrospectively in patients after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Background Reactive oxidants are implicated in cardiovascular disease, and elevated plasma MPO is reported to predict adverse outcome in acute coronary syndromes. Methods Detailed demographic information, radionuclide ventriculography, neurohormone measurements, and clinical history were obtained for 512 acute Ml patients at hospital admission. Plasma levels of MPO and protein carbonyls were measured in patients and 156 heart-healthy control subjects. 3-Chlorotyrosine was measured in selected patients. Patient mortality was followed for 5 years. Results Plasma MPO and protein carbonyl concentrations were higher in Ml patients 24 h to 96 h after admission than in control subjects (medians: MPO 55 ng/ml vs. 39 ng/ml, and protein carbonyls 48 pmol/mg vs. 17 pmol/mg protein, p < 0.001 for each). Both markers were significantly correlated with each other and with cardiovascular hormone levels. Chlorotyrosine was not elevated in patients with high MPO or carbonyl levels. Above-median levels of MPO but not protein carbonyls were independently predictive of mortality (odds ratio 1.8, 95% confidence interval 1.0 to 3.0, p = 0.034). Patients with above-median MPO levels in combination with above-median plasma amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) or below-median left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) had significantly greater mortality compared with other patients. Conclusions Myeloperoxidase and protein carbonyl levels are elevated in plasma after acute Ml, apparently via independent mechanisms. High MPO is a risk factor for long-term mortality and adds prognostic value to LVEF and plasma NT-proBNP measurements.