Use of slope creation for rehabilitating incised, regulated, gravel bed rivers

[1] Gravel-bedded channels often become incised and degraded below dams. Gravel can be added to the channel to rehabilitate hydrogeomorphic conditions, including those promoting salmon spawning. When implemented without increasing bed slope, gravel addition at downstream riffles back floods upstream riffles. A 2-year gravel augmentation project was done to test the efficacy of a new method for slope creation.'' Riffle-to-riffle slope was raised from 0.002 to 0.008 by adding gravel to the most upstream riffle. When gravel was added to the next downstream riffle a year later, riffle-to-riffle slope decreased to the sought after 0.004. After the study, the area of high-quality Chinook salmon spawning habitat increased 471%. The number of redds observed went from 62 to 161 during the study despite a 50% decline of in-river spawners. This eliminates variations in migrant population size and hatchery take as alternative explanations. Slope creation can be a useful aid for rehabilitating regulated rivers.