Mating disruption of codling moth Cydia pomonella with high densities of Ecodian sex pheromone dispensers

A mating disruption approach using high densities of pheromone dispensers, has recently been proposed for controlling codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lep., Tortricidae). Ecodian (R) CP dispensers, made of low-cost biodegradable material and easy to apply, were formulated with 10 mg of codlemone and placed at a rate of 1400-2000 dispensers/ha. Seasonal dispenser performance was evaluated using different methods. The release rate of new Ecodian dispensers, measured directly by solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME), was significantly higher than that of the standard monitoring lure. The release rate of field-aged dispensers decreased over time; it was comparable with that of the standard monitoring lure after 55-90 days of field exposure and significantly lower beyond. Electroantennographic (EAG) recordings showed that field-aged dispensers strongly stimulated virgin male moths' antennae. Dispensers elicited close-range approaches in wind tunnel irrespective of their age. Traps baited with aged Ecodian CP dispensers captured males throughout the season. Our results demonstrate that Ecodian dispensers achieved a good level of activity and longevity over the season. Field trials carried out from 2002 to 2004 confirmed the efficacy of Ecodian CP dispensers for codling moth control, regardless of the size of the treated area. The potential of this strategy for the control of C. pomonella is discussed.