Improved k-t BLAST and k-t SENSE using FOCUSS

The dynamic MR imaging of time-varying objects, such as beating hearts or brain hemodynamics, requires a significant reduction of the data acquisition time without sacrificing spatial resolution. The classical approaches for this goal include parallel imaging, temporal filtering and their combinations. Recently, model-based reconstruction methods called k - t BLAST and k - t SENSE have been proposed which largely overcome the drawbacks of the conventional dynamic imaging methods without a priori knowledge of the spectral support. Another recent approach called k - t SPARSE also does not require exact knowledge of the spectral support. However, unlike k - t BLAST/SENSE, k - t SPARSE employs the so-called compressed sensing (CS) theory rather than using training. The main contribution of this paper is a new theory and algorithm that unifies the abovementioned approaches while overcoming their drawbacks. Specifically, we show that the celebrated k - t BLAST/SENSE are the special cases of our algorithm, which is asymptotically optimal from the CS theory perspective. Experimental results show that the new algorithm can successfully reconstruct a high resolution cardiac sequence and functional MRI data even from severely limited k - t samples, without incurring aliasing artifacts often observed in conventional methods.