Hydrothermal growth of ZnO on annealed electrodeposited titanate film: Influence of zinc nitrate and methenamine

Hydrothermal growth of hexagonal ZnO nanorods on the annealed fitanate nanotube films is reported as a function of molar ratio of Zn(NO3)(2) and methenamine (1:1-1:4). The molar ratio of 1:4 results in a dense and thinner rod in comparison with other molar ratios. Corn-like structures of the rods are believed to be due to the higher amine concentration. Raman peaks at 437 and 331 cm(-1) are assigned to E and E-2H-E-2L modes. Near band gap edge and green photoluminescence emission indicates the structural and oxygen vacancy. 0 Is peak is found built-up of sub-peaks at 530.62, 531.8 and 532.84 eV corresponding to O2- on normal wurtzite structure and OH and oxygen vacancies of ZnO, respectively. (c) 2007 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.