Improvement of anemia after parathyroidectomy in Chinese patients with renal failure undergoing long-term dialysis

Hypothesis: Most patients undergoing long-term dialysis are anemic because of underproduction of erythropoietin and its inhibition by high parathyroid hormone levels due to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Renal anemia can be improved by parathyroidectomy. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Regional hospital. Patients: Twenty-three Chinese patients without a previous functioning renal transplant underwent parathyroidectomy for severe secondary hyperparathyroidism in a 3-year period. Intervention: Total parathyroidectomy with or without parathyroid autograft at the forearm. Main Outcome Measures: The preoperative and 6-month postoperative hematological and biochemical variables were compared for any differences by means of a paired t test. Results: The mean +/- SD follow-up duration was 17.7 +/- 8.1 (range, 6-34) months. Three patients (13%) developed persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism and 2 patients (9%) were biochemically hypoparathyroid. The other 18 patients (78%) were euparathyroid. Surgical morbidity was minimal; only 1 patient had complications, consisting of a postoperative fever of unknown origin that resolved with conservative treatment. The mean +/- SD hemoglobin level (8.6 +/- 2.1 vs 9.4 +/- 2.1 g/dL) but not the mean platelet level was significantly (P = .04) increased 6 months postoperatively. Likewise, the following other mean +/- SD biochemical values improved after surgery: parathyroid hormone (2235 +/- 500 vs 151 +/- 312 pg/mL; P < .001), alkaline phosphatase (645 +/- 349 vs 123 +/- 82 U/L; P < .001), calcium (10.8 +/- 4.0 vs 9.3 +/- 1.0 mg/dL; P < .001), phosphate (1.93 +/- 0.73 vs 1.50 +/- 0.51 mmol/L; P = .02), and albumin (3.5 +/- 0.5 vs 3.8 +/- 0.6 g/dL; P = .006). Conclusions: Parathyroidectomy is highly effective to control secondary hyperparathyroidism with an exceedingly low complication rate. The hemoglobin level was significantly elevated 6 months postoperatively. The long-term effect warrants future trials.