Controlled release of platelet growth factors enhances bone regeneration at rabbit calvaria

Objective. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been clinically employed to promote bone regeneration. However, few studies have investigated the enhancement of biological function of platelet growth factors after integration of PRP into biomaterials. In this study, the feasibility of gelatin hydrogels for controlled release of platelet growth factors and the consequent enhancement of PRP-induced bone regeneration were evaluated in rabbit calvarial defect. Study design. Gelatin hydrogels incorporating PRP, PRP-activated thrombin, or an empty gelatin hydrogel were applied to the defect, or the defect was left untreated. Bone regeneration was evaluated by microfocus computed tomography, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and histological examinations. Results. Successful bone regeneration was observed at the bone defect applied with the gelatin hydrogel incorporating PRP, which is in marked contrast to other groups. Conclusion. The gelatin hydrogel is a promising material capable of controlled release of platelet growth factors to enhance bone regeneration.