期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 16, 期 9, 页码 20240-20257出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms160920240
关键词
4-(phenylsulfanyl)butan-2-one; melanogenesis; tyrosinase; melanosome maturation; zebrafish
资金
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan [MOST 103-2221-E-037-004, MOST 103-2325-B-110-001]
- Taiwan Comprehensive University System [03TPI15201]
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University [KMU-TP103G00, KMU-TP103G02-05]
In this study, we screened compounds with skin whitening properties and favorable safety profiles from a series of marine related natural products, which were isolated from Formosan soft coral Cladiella australis. Our results indicated that 4-(phenylsulfanyl)butan-2-one could successfully inhibit pigment generation processes in mushroom tyrosinase platform assay, probably through the suppression of tyrosinase activity to be a non-competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase. In cell-based viability examinations, it demonstrated low cytotoxicity on melanoma cells and other normal human cells. It exhibited stronger inhibitions of melanin production and tyrosinase activity than arbutin or 1-phenyl-2-thiourea (PTU). Also, we discovered that 4-(phenylsulfanyl)butan-2-one reduces the protein expressions of melanin synthesis-related proteins, including the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase-related protein-1 (Trp-1), dopachrome tautomerase (DCT, Trp-2), and glycoprotein 100 (GP100). In an in vivo zebrafish model, it presented a remarkable suppression in melanogenesis after 48 h. In summary, our in vitro and in vivo biological assays showed that 4-(phenylsulfanyl)butan-2-one possesses anti-melanogenic properties that are significant in medical cosmetology.
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