Ranking the Susceptibility of Disulfide Bonds in Human IgGs1 Antibodies by Reduction, Differential Alkylation, and LC-MS Analysis

One of the basic structural features of human IgG1 is the arrangement of the disulfide bond structure, 4 inter chain disulfide bonds in the hinge region and 12 infra chain disulfide bonds associated with twelve individual domains. Disulfide bond structure is critical for the structure, stability, and biological functions of IgG molecules. It has been known that inter chain disulfide bonds are more susceptible to reduction than intra chain disulfide bonds. However, a complete ranking of the susceptibility of disulfide bonds in IgG1 molecules is lacking. A method including reduction, differential alkylation, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis was developed and employed to investigate the complete ranking order of the susceptibility of disulfide bonds in two recombinant monoclonal antibodies. The results confirmed that inter chain disulfide bonds were more susceptible than intra chain disulfide bonds. In addition, it was observed that the disulfide bonds between the light chain and heavy chain were more susceptible than disulfide bonds between the two heavy chains. The upper disulfide bond of the two inter heavy chain disulfide bonds was more susceptible than the lower one. Furthermore, disulfide bonds in the CH2 domain were the most susceptible to reduction. Disulfide bonds in VL, CL, VH, and CH1 domains had similar and moderate susceptibility, while disulfide bonds in the CH3 domain were the least susceptible to reduction. Interestingly, a difference between IgG1 kappa and IgG1 lambda was also observed. The difference in the susceptibility of inter light heavy chain disulfide bonds and inter heavy chain disulfide bonds was smaller in IgG1 kappa than in IgG1 lambda. The intra chain disulfide bonds in the Fab region of IgG1 kappa were also less susceptible than disulfide bonds in the Fab region of IgG1 lambda.