Genomic changes at early stages of formation of allopolyploid Aegilops longissima x Triticum urartu

Using the model of synthetic allopolyploid Aegilops longissima TL05 x Triticum urartu TMU06 of the first generation, the degree and character of changes in subtelomeric, microsatellite and random amplified DNA sequences (RAPD) on early stage of polyploidization was estimated. Study of genome changes was performed by comparing PCR fragments of the allopolyploid and its parental forms. For analysis of subtelomeric DNA, we used 66 pairs of primers composed of 11 singular primers designed for these chromosomal regions sequences of cereals. RAPD analysis was performed with usage of 38 primers, in microsatellite (SSR) analysis 23 primer pairs were used. RAPD analysis appeared to be a more effective PCR-based method to identify genome changes. Absence of some RAPD fragments typical for parental genome in allopolyploid TL05 x TMU06 was shown using 13 primers of 38 (34%), and with usage of subtelomeric primers the changes in PCR fragments were shown only for one of 66 pairs of primers (1.5%). SSR loci were stable during the polyploidization process. Subsequent analysis of PCR fragments absent in the synthetic allopolyploid showed that high level of genome changes in RAPD analysis is probably connected with more effective ability of this method to reveal point mutations. Some data was found suggesting that not all genome changes observed in experimentally synthesized allopolyploids of the first generation are consequences of coadaptation of few genomes in one nucleus.