Carbon Nanotubes with Enhanced Chemiluminescence Immunoassay for CCD-Based Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B in Food

Enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) detection can significantly enhance the sensitivity of immunoassays but often requires expensive and complex detectors. The need for these detectors limits broader use of ECL in immunoassay applications. To make ECL more practical for immunoassays, we utilize a simple cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) detector combined with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for primary antibody immobilization to develop a simple and portable point-of-care immunosensor. This combination of ECL, CNT, and CCD detector technologies is used to improve the detection of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in food. Anti-SEB primary antibodies were immobilized onto the CNT surface, and the antibody-nanotube mixture was immobilized onto a polycarbonate surface. SEB was then detected by an ELISA assay on the CNT-polycarbonate surface with an ECL assay. SEB in buffer, soy milk, apple juice, and meat baby food was assayed with a LOD of 0.01 ng/mL using our CCD detector, a level similar to the detection limit obtained with a fluorometric detector when using the CNTs. This level is far more sensitive than the conventional ELISA, which has a LOD of similar to 1 ng/mL. Our simple, versatile, and inexpensive point-of-care immunosensor combined with the CNT-ECL immunoassay method described in this work can also be used to simplify and increase sensitivity for many other types of diagnostics and detection assays.