Effect of sublethal concentrations of copper sulphate on seabream Sparus aurata fingerlings

The gilthead seabream is the most important Mediterranean aquacultured fish species. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether copper sulphate bath treatments used routinely in aquaculture have effects on important physiological functions of early life stages of the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Fingerlings (80-90 days, 0.27 +/- 0.06 g) were exposed to copper sulphate baths at 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.5 mg L-1 during 24 h. Effects on the central nervous function were evaluated analysing brain acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE). Oxidative stress was assessed by the quantification of lipid peroxidation (LP). Heat shock proteins (HSP70) were used as a general response to chemical stress, RNA/DNA ratio as an indicator of growth, and effects on detoxification function were estimated using glutathione-S-transferases activity (GST). Exposure of S. aurata fingerlings to copper sulphate induced increased lipid peroxidation. In contrast, there were no significant changes in AChE activity, HSP70 levels, RNA/DNA ratio or GST activity. Particularly, the absence of response in GST activity points towards a limited extent of the putative damage caused by the treatments at the highest doses (evidenced through the levels of peroxidation), since this enzyme is directly implicated in detoxification processes involving redox cyclic products. The results suggest that copper sulphate baths at the conditions tested are safe treatments for S. aurata fingerlings.