期刊
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
卷 405, 期 5, 页码 1759-1771出版社
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6572-8
关键词
Steroid hormones; Environmental; On-line solid-phase extraction; Atmospheric pressure photoionization; Mass spectrometry
资金
- Nebraska Research Initiative
- Water Resources Research Initiative
- Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources
- EPA Science to Achieve Results [R833423]
- EPA [909244, R833423] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
Analytical methods for the determination of several natural and synthetic steroids in water and solid samples were developed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) in positive mode was used as the source which appeared to reduce background and interferences as compared to electrospray ionization. Toluene was identified as the most appropriate dopant and its concentration optimized to enhance ionization efficiency. Method detection limits were in the low-nanogram-per-liter range for water samples using on-line solid-phase extraction and near 0.2 ng/g using microwave-assisted solvent extraction for solid samples. This on-line method, using APPI as a source and toluene as a dopant, is beneficial as it saves time due to on-line extraction and reduces interference and matrix effects using gas-phase photoionization. Groundwater, wastewater, runoff, and soil samples were collected and analyzed using the method indicating that traces of several androgens, estrogens, and other steroid-like compounds do occur in samples impacted by animal waste.
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