A clonal algorithm to solve economic load dispatch

This paper presents a novel optimization approach to constrained economic load dispatch (ELD) problem using artificial immune system (AIS). The approach utilizes the clonal selection principle and evolutionary approach wherein cloning of antibodies is performed followed by hypermutation. The proposed methodology easily takes care of transmission losses, dynamic operation constraints (ramp rate limits) and prohibited zones and also accounts for non-smoothness of cost function arising due to the use of multiple fuels. Simulations were performed over various systems with different number of generating units and comparisons are performed with other prevalent approaches. The findings affirmed the robustness, fast convergence and proficiency of proposed methodology over other existing techniques. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.