A review of recent advances in electrochemically modulated extraction methods

The use of electrochemistry and electrical behavior as a control and manipulation factor in analyte extractions is reviewed. Electromodulated extractions of ionic and neutral analytes are possible using this general approach. Extractions based on solid-liquid, liquid-liquid and membrane behaviors have been demonstrated and reported together with analyte extractions from real matrices and interfacing with instrumental detection methods. The electromodulation strategy offers great opportunities for selectivity in sample preparation.