Chromatographic fingerprinting analysis of Danshen root (Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma) and its preparations using high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS)

Danshen root (Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma) is a representative Chinese herb containing multiple components contributing to its polyvalent bioactivities. Advanced analysis approaches are needed to obtain a comprehensive picture of the targeting constituents in complete matrix. In this study, a chromatographic fingerprinting method to monitor simultaneously the hydrophilic and lipophilic constituents was developed for the quality evaluation of Danshen root and its preparations. Ten hydrophilic and nine lipophilic components were identified using HPLG diode array detection-electrospray-MS (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS) by comparing with the available references and reported data. Using the established method, 13 Danshen root samples collected from different sources, and 21 batches of Danshen preparations including tablets, injections, capsules, and dropping pills produced by different manufacturers were analyzed and their chromatographic fingerprints (CFP) were constructed. The results showed that the products of Danshen roots such as the tablets and capsules contained both the hydrophilic and lipophilic components, while the injections and dropping pills contained mainly the hydrophilic components. Principal components analysis (PCA) was applied for the statistical analysis of the fingerprinting data of crude herb and its preparations. The established CFPs demonstrate the representative chemical profiling of the existing components and can be applied to the authentication and quality assessment of Danshen roots and other Danshen containing formulated preparations.