Chemical fixation of carbon dioxide to dimethyl carbonate from propylene carbonate and methanol using ionic liquid catalysts

The synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) through the transesterification of propylene carbonate (PC) with methanol was investigated by using imidazolium salt ionic liquid catalysts. 1-alkyl-3-methyl imidazolium salts of different alkyl group (C-2, C-4, C-6, C-8) and anions (Cl-, Br-, BF4-, PF6-) were used for catalysts. The reaction was carried out in an autoclave at 140-180 degrees C under carbon dioxide pressure of 1.48-5.61 MPa. The imidazolium salts of shorter alkyl group, and more nucleophilic counter anion exhibited higher catalytic activity. The conversion of PC increased as CO, pressure and reaction temperature increased. Kinetic studies were also performed to better understand the reaction mechanism.