期刊
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
卷 25, 期 10, 页码 3168-3174出版社
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2007.904027
关键词
concave lens; finite-difference time domain (FDTD); metamaterials; negative refractive index; numerical method; photonic crystals (PCs); spot-size converters (SSCs)
A study of the interaction of a continuous-wave Gaussian beam with a concave lens used as a spot-size converter (SSC) is presented. The lens is based on a 2-D photonic crystal (PC) structure with a negative refractive index. A numerical method based on a 2-D finite-difference time domain was employed to investigate the light propagation in a photonic integrated circuitry (PIC). The PIC consisted of a single-mode fiber, an SSC, and a PC waveguide (PCW). By employing an optimized planoconcave lens, a large spot-size area of the Gaussian beam was focused/transformed into a very small spot-size area, which is even smaller than the order of the operating wavelength. Optimization of the proposed device parameters has also been reported. A significant reduction in the device size, transmission efficiency, and coupling efficiency has been achieved by optimizing the planoconcave lens and the PCW.
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