Fervidobacterium changbaicum sp nov., a novel thermophilic anaerobic bacterium isolated from a hot spring of the Changbai Mountains, China

A thermophilic, obligately anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium (strain CBS-1(T)) was isolated from a hot spring mixture of water and mud of the Changbai Mountains, China. Strain CBS-1(T) was found to be non-sporulating, Gram-negative, with optimal growth at 75-80 degrees C. It grew on a wide range of carbon sources, including glucose, lactose, maltose, starch, sorbitol and pyruvate amongst others. The DNA G + C content of strain CBS-1(T) was 31.9 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the strain was a member of the genus Fervidobacterium. The high concentration of C-16:0 (52.2%) in the fatty acid profile of the cell envelope supported its inclusion as a member of the genus Fervidobacterium. On the basis of the low values of DNA-DNA hybridization (25.8 and 20.5%) and phenotypic features, strain CBS-1(T) represents a novel species of the genus Fervidobacterium, for which the name Fervidobacterium changbaicum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CBS-1(T) (=DSM 17883(T)=JCM 13353(T)).