期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
卷 115, 期 10, 页码 1406-1414出版社
US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10260
关键词
breast cancer; child health and development studies; exposure timing; o, p '-DDT; organochlorines; p, p '-DUE; p, p '-DDT; pregnancy; premenopausal
资金
- NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA72919] Funding Source: Medline
- NICHD NIH HHS [N01HD13334, N01 HD 6 3258] Funding Source: Medline
BACKGROUND: Previous studies of DDT and breast cancer assessed exposure later in life when the breast may not have been vulnerable, after most DDT had been eliminated, and after DDT had been banned. OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether DDT exposure in young women during the period of peak DDT use predicts breast cancer. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, nested case-control study with a median time to diagnosis of 17 years using blood samples obtained from young women during 1959-1967. Subjects were members of the Child Health and Development Studies, Oakland, California, who provided blood samples 1-3 days after giving birth (mean age, 26 years). Cases (n = 129) developed breast cancer before the age of 50 years. Controls (n = 129) were matched to cases on birth year. Serum was assayed for pp'-DDT, the active ingredient of DDT; op'-DDT, a low concentration contaminant; and p,p'-DUE, the most abundant pp'-DDT metabolite. RESULTS: High levels of serum pp'-DDT predicted a statistically significant 5-fold increased risk of breast cancer among women who were born after 1931. These women were under 14 years of age in 1945, when DDT came into widespread use, and mostly under 20 years as DDT use peaked. Women who were not exposed to pp'-DDT before 14 years of age showed no association between pp'-DDT and breast cancer (p = 0.02 for difference by age). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to p,p'-DDT early in life may increase breast cancer risk. Many U.S. women heavily exposed to DDT in childhood have not yet reached 50 years of age. The public health significance of DDT exposure in early life may be large.
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