Estimated optical constants of gypsum in the regions of weak absorptions: Application of scattering theories and comparisons to independent measurements

[1] Diffuse reflectance spectra of multiple grain size fractions are used to estimate the optical constants of gypsum over the 0.4-15 mu m wavelength region. Two independent scattering theories are used to iteratively determine the imaginary index of refraction from the measured reflectance. We compare the results of these two with each other and with imaginary indices of gypsum reported in the literature. We find that the scattering theory results are more sensitive in the infrared to weak spectral features that are clearly distinguished in the diffuse reflectance spectra. However, we find the scattering results provide a poor determination of the optical constants in the regions of relatively strong absorptions. At visible and near-infrared wavelengths we provide a comparison to the results obtained from analysis of the diffuse reflectance to results obtained from direct transmission measurements of several gypsum crystals having different sample thicknesses. We find the simplest models of the transmission reproduce the observed spectra. The different sample thicknesses for the transmission measurements and different grain sizes in the scattering theories allow evaluation of the imaginary index of refraction over a wide range of values. We find the imaginary index of refraction determined from scattering theories is in remarkable agreement with those obtained from transmission spectra. Different models of the reflectance and transmittance have associated strengths and weaknesses, and we conclude that combining these models provides a more accurate determination of the optical constants of a material when compared to using each separately. We combine the resulting real and imaginary indices of refraction with those reported at infrared wavelengths to provide values covering visual, near-infrared, and infrared wavelengths (0.4-333 mu m, 25000-30 cm(-1)).