Intrinsic galaxy alignments from the 2SLAQ and SDSS surveys: luminosity and redshift scalings and implications for weak lensing surveys

Correlations between intrinsic shear and the density field on large scales, a potentially important contaminant for cosmic shear surveys, have been robustly detected at low redshifts with bright galaxies in Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( SDSS) data. Here we present a more detailed characterization of this effect, which can cause anticorrelations between gravitational lensing shear and intrinsic ellipticity ( GI correlations). This measurement uses 36 278 luminous red galaxies ( LRGs) from the SDSS spectroscopic sample with 0.15 < z < 0.35, split by redshift and luminosity; 7758 LRGs from the 2dF- SDSS LRG and QSO ( 2SLAQ) survey at 0.4 < z < 0.8; and a variety of other SDSS samples from previous, related work. We find > 3 sigma detections of the effect on large scales ( up to 60 h(-1) Mpc) for all galaxy subsamples within the SDSS LRG sample; for the 2SLAQ sample, we find a 2s detection for a bright subsample, and no detection for a fainter subsample. Fitting formulae are provided for the scaling of the GI correlations with luminosity, transverse separation and redshift ( for which the 2SLAQ sample, while small, provides crucial constraints due to its longer baseline in redshift). We estimate contamination in the measurement of s8 for future cosmic shear surveys on the basis of the fitted dependence of GI correlations on galaxy properties. We find contamination to the power spectrum ranging from -1.5 per cent ( optimistic) to- 33 per cent ( pessimistic) for a toy cosmic shear survey using all galaxies to a depth of R = 24 using scales l approximate to 500, though the central value of predicted contamination is - 6.5 per cent. This corresponds to a bias in s8 of Delta s8 = - 0.004 ( optimistic), - 0.02 ( central) or - 0.10 ( pessimistic). We provide a prescription for inclusion of this error in cosmological parameter estimation codes. The principal uncertainty is in the treatment of the L <= L-star blue galaxies, for which we have no detection of the GI signal, but which could dominate the GI contamination if their GI amplitude is near our upper limits. Characterization of the tidal alignments of these galaxies, especially at redshifts relevant for cosmic shear, should be a high priority for the cosmic shear community.