期刊
AMINO ACIDS
卷 37, 期 1, 页码 111-122出版社
SPRINGER WIEN
DOI: 10.1007/s00726-008-0225-4
关键词
Amino acids; Cellular signaling; Intestine; Nutrition
资金
- National Institutes of Health [1RO3-DK57774]
- USDA [NRCGIP 02092]
- Ochsner Clinic Foundation
- The University of Texas Medical School at Houston
- USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2008-35206-18764, 2008-35203-19120]
- Texas AgriLife Research [H-8200]
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES [R03DK057774] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
Glutamine and leucine are abundant constituents of plant and animal proteins, whereas the content of arginine in foods and physiological fluids varies greatly. Besides their role in protein synthesis, these three amino acids individually activate signaling pathway to promote protein synthesis and possibly inhibit autophagy-mediated protein degradation in intestinal epithelial cells. In addition, glutamine and arginine stimulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70 (s6) kinase pathways, respectively, to enhance mucosal cell migration and restitution. Moreover, through the nitric oxide-dependent cGMP signaling cascade, arginine regulates multiple physiological events in the intestine that are beneficial for cell homeostasis and survival. Available evidence from both in vitro and in vivo animal studies shows that glutamine and arginine promote cell proliferation and exert differential cytoprotective effects in response to nutrient deprivation, oxidative injury, stress, and immunological challenge. Additionally, when nitric oxide is available, leucine increases the migration of intestinal cells. Therefore, through cellular signaling mechanisms, arginine, glutamine, and leucine play crucial roles in intestinal growth, integrity, and function.
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