The discovery of two extremely low luminosity milky way globular clusters

We report the discovery of two extremely low luminosity globular clusters in the Milky Way halo. These objects were detected in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 5 and confirmed with deeper imaging at the Calar Alto Observatory. The clusters, Koposov 1 and Koposov 2, are located at similar to 40-50 kpc and appear to have old stellar populations and luminosities of only M-V similar to -1 mag. Their observed sizes of similar to 3 pc are well within the expected tidal limit of similar to 10 pc at that distance. Together with Palomar 1, AM 4, and Whiting 1, these new clusters are the lowest luminosity globular clusters orbiting the Milky Way, with Koposov 2 the most extreme. Koposov 1 appears to lie close to distant branch of the Sagittarius stream. The half-mass relaxation times of Koposov 1 and 2 are only similar to 70 and similar to 55 Myr respectively ( 2 orders of magnitude shorter than the age of the stellar populations), so it would seem that they have undergone drastic mass segregation. Since they do not appear to be very concentrated, their evaporation timescales may be as low as similar to 0.1t(Hubble). These discoveries show that the structural parameter space of globular clusters in the Milky Way halo is not yet fully explored. They also add, through their short remaining survival times, significant direct evidence for a once much larger population of globular clusters.